On 14 June 1905 Gustav Klimt and other artists left the Vienna Secession due to differences of opinion over artistic concepts. In 1903 Hoffmann and Moser founded the Wiener Werkstatte as a fine-arts society with the goal of reforming the applied arts (arts and crafts).
A statue of Beethoven by Max Klinger stood at the center, with Klimt's Beethoven frieze mounted around it. The 14th Secession exhibition, designed by Josef Hoffmann and dedicated to Ludwig van Beethoven, was especially famous. The group earned considerable credit for its exhibition policy, which made the French Impressionists somewhat familiar to the Viennese public. Designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich, the exhibition building soon became known simply as "the Secession" (die Sezession). The Berlin and Munich Secession movements preceded the Vienna Secession, which held its first exhibition in 1898.Īlso in 1898, the group's exhibition house was built in the vicinity of Karlsplatz. The Secession artists objected to the prevailing conservatism of the Vienna Kunstlerhaus with its traditional orientation toward Historicism. The Vienna Secession was founded on 3 April 1897 by artists Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Josef Hoffmann, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Max Kurzweil, Otto Wagner, and others. The first president of the Secession was Rudolf von Alt.
The Vienna Secession (also known as the Union of Austrian Artists, or Vereiningung Bildender Kunstler Osterreichs) was formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian artists who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Kunstlerhaus. The historic center of Riga, Latvia, with "the finest collection of art nouveau buildings in Europe," was inscribed on the list in 1997 in part because of the "quality and the quantity of its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture", and four Brussels town houses by Victor Horta were included in 2000 as "works of human creative genius" that are "outstanding examples of Art Nouveau architecture brilliantly illustrating the transition from the 19th to the 20th century in art, thought, and society." Furthermore, Art Nouveau monuments are now recognized by UNESCO on their World Heritage List as significant contributions to cultural heritage. Art Nouveau was also a movement of distinct individuals such as Gustav Klimt, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Alfons Mucha, Rene Lalique, Antoni Gaudi and Louis Comfort Tiffany, each of whom interpreted it in their own individual manner.Īlthough Art Nouveau fell out of fashion with the arrival of 20th-century modernist styles, it is seen today as an important bridge between the historicism of Neoclassicism and modernism. Magazines like Jugend helped spread the style in Germany, especially as a graphic artform, while the Vienna Secessionists influenced art and architecture throughout Austria-Hungary. Victor Horta had a decisive impact on architecture in Belgium. In France, Hector Guimard's metro entrances shaped the landscape of Paris and Emile Galle was at the center of the school of thought in Nancy. Consequently, it is known in various guises with frequent localized tendencies. A reaction to academic art of the 19th century, it is characterized by organic, especially floral and other plant-inspired motifs, as well as highly-stylized, flowing curvilinear forms.Īrt Nouveau's fifteen-year flowering was strongly felt throughout Europe from Glasgow to Moscow to Spain, but its influence was global. Art Nouveau, also known as Jugendstil (German for 'youth style'), is an international movement and style of art, architecture and applied art especially the decorative arts that peaked in popularity at the turn of the 20th century (1890-1905).
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